Olecranon bursitis, commonly referred to as elbow bursitis, is a condition involving inflammation of the bursa at the tip of the elbow. It often presents as visible swelling over the back of the elbow and may cause discomfort, tenderness and restricted movement. The bursa is a small, fluid-filled sac that helps reduce friction between bone and soft tissues. When it becomes irritated or inflamed, fluid can accumulate, causing swelling and sometimes pain.
Olecranon bursitis may develop suddenly following an injury or gradually due to repetitive pressure or underlying medical conditions. Early assessment is important to determine whether the inflammation is simple or related to infection or another underlying cause.
The olecranon is the bony prominence at the tip of the elbow. Overlying this bone is the olecranon bursa, which allows the skin and soft tissues to glide smoothly over the bone during elbow movement. Because the bursa sits directly beneath the skin, it is vulnerable to irritation, pressure, and injury. When irritated, the bursa produces excess fluid, leading to swelling and inflammation.
Olecranon bursitis can develop for several reasons, including:
This is the most common type and is usually caused by repetitive pressure, trauma, or inflammatory conditions. It often presents with swelling but minimal pain.
Septic bursitis occurs when bacteria infect the bursa. This type typically causes increased pain, redness, warmth, and may require antibiotics or surgical treatment.
Diagnosis begins with a thorough clinical assessment.
When infection is present, treatment focuses on eliminating bacteria and preventing spread. Management may include:
Olecranon bursectomy surgery involves removing the inflamed bursa (bursectomy). The body usually forms a new, healthy bursa during healing.
Surgical treatment aims to:
Recovery depends on the severity and type of bursitis.
Rehabilitation may involve:
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